-고도
-고도: Even Though — And Still the Other Fact
Connective: state a fact, then a contrasting or further characteristic.
How to form it
| When | Form | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Stem + -고도 | -고도 | 작고도 / 멀고도 / 알고도 |
-고도 states one fact and adds a contrasting or further trait: even though / and yet also.
Gloss leans concessive. 우리말샘 -고도 「016」: present a fact or feeling, then something 상반 or 또 다른 특성. Both readings are real — do not force every line into pure “even though.”
What it does
작고도 아늑해요.
멀고도 교통이 편해요.
알고도 모른 척했어요.
춥고도 건조해요.Landscape and housing talk: a downside that still coexists with an upside — or two traits in tension.
Forms
stem + -고도 (after predicates / 이다; dictionary also notes -으시-).
Near neighbours
| Form | Job |
|---|---|
| -아도/-어도 | core concessive even if/though |
| -고도 | fact + contrast/further trait |
| -고 | plain and |
When to use
Use -고도 when the second half pushes against or complicates the first.
Prefer -아도/-어도 for the default spoken concessive.
Prefer -고 when traits are equal peers with no “and yet” pressure.
Practice rule: if “and yet / even so” is doing work, -고도 is in play.
Do not confuse it with
Taught alongside this
On the jabi learning path, this appears in 여기는 산이 가까워서인지 밤이 되니까 좀 서늘한 것 같아 (Maybe it's because it's close to the mountains, but it feels a bit cool here at night.) — Intermediate Korean 2, Unit 6, on the theme of Terrain and Climate. These come with it:
Words used above
Quick check
No sign-up, no score saved — just see if it stuck.
1. 작고도 아늑해요 mainly…
2. vs -아도/-어도?
3. Dictionary allows only contrast?
Common questions
Supplementary?
Yes — recognition and careful description more than everyday default.
vs plain -고?
go-connective lists. -고도 adds contrast/further-trait pressure via 도.
Past?
Entry highlights stems and -으시-; learn present descriptive lines first.
Climate tip?
Far and yet convenient; cold and yet dry — stacked landscape judgments.