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Grammar Intermediate TOPIK II · Level 3–4 Intermediate Korean 2 · Unit 10

까지②

까지②: Even — Additive Reach

Particle sense: even — adding something further than expected.

Before this, make sure you know: 에서, 까지 , -아요 / -어요

How to form it

When Form Example
After a noun N까지 아이까지 / 저녁까지 (context decides sense)

까지② is the even reading of 까지: something further is included than you might expect.

Gloss: reaching further than expected, with less surprise than 마저. 우리말샘 까지 「004」: already something is included, and this adds more. Range-endpoint 까지 (에서/부터…까지) is the other famous job — same Hangul, different speech act.

What it does — additive reach

아이까지 줄이 섰어요.
저녁까지 일이 남았어요.     (may be time-endpoint — check context)
친구까지 반대했어요.
가격까지 올랐어요.

Context decides endpoint vs additive. Additive 까지 includes an unexpected member or further item on a scale of surprise — usually lighter than 마저’s last-pillar feel.

Forms

N까지 — reading depends on context, not a second spelling.

Near neighbours

FormJob
까지 rangeuntil / as far as (endpoint)
까지②even (additive)
마저even the last remaining
도also / even (light)
서울까지 가요.             endpoint
아이까지 가요.             additive even (kids too)
아이마저 가요.             last-remaining colour

When to use

Use 까지② when “even X” adds a further, mildly surprising include.

Use range 까지 for times and places with 부터/에서.

Use 마저 when the point is the last expected holdout.

Practice rule: if deleting “even” leaves a normal set-member sentence, you were in additive 까지.

Do not confuse it with

마저

even — the last one you would expect

에서, 까지

from here to there — the pair that marks a route

Taught alongside this

On the jabi learning path, this appears in 이 지역에서 생산되는 딸기는 특히 달고 맛이 좋아요 (Strawberries produced in this area are especially sweet and tasty.) — Intermediate Korean 2, Unit 10, on the theme of Geography and Economy. These come with it:

마저 even — the last one you would expect -어 놓다/두다 doing it and leaving it done, on purpose -는 사이에 while, in the gap when — something happened unnoticed

Words used above

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까지kkajieven (additive sense ②)
아이aichild, kid
도doalso / even (lighter)

Quick check

No sign-up, no score saved — just see if it stuck.

1. 아이까지 초대했어요 (additive) means…

2. 까지① range vs 까지② even?

3. vs 마저?

Common questions

How do I know which 까지?

Range readings pair with 부터/에서 and time/place scales. Additive readings include an unexpected member of a set.

Why ② in the id?

Curriculum separates endpoint 까지 from this ‘even’ sense.

vs 도?

도 is the everyday light ‘also/even.’ 까지 can feel like reaching further along a scale.

Market tip?

아이까지 줄이 섰다 — even kids queued; additive surprise.